輕型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的施工安裝，每個環(huán)節(jié)都有嚴(yán)格的技術(shù)要求。以下5個關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，是保障結(jié)構(gòu)安全的底線。

The construction and installation of lightweight steel structures have strict technical requirements at every stage. The following five key steps are the bottom line for ensuring structural safety.

環(huán)節(jié)一：構(gòu)件進場檢驗與預(yù)處理

Step 1: Component Entry Inspection and Pre treatment

構(gòu)件進場時需進行嚴(yán)格檢驗。輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)采用的鋼材應(yīng)具有抗拉強度、伸長率、屈服強度以及硫、磷含量的合格保證。對焊接承重結(jié)構(gòu)的鋼材，尚應(yīng)具有碳含量的合格保證和冷彎試驗的合格保證。

Strict inspection is required upon entry of components. The steel used in light steel structures should have qualified guarantees for tensile strength, elongation, yield strength, and sulfur and phosphorus content. The steel used for welding load-bearing structures should also have qualified guarantees for carbon content and cold bending tests.

環(huán)節(jié)二：基礎(chǔ)復(fù)測與預(yù)埋件校準(zhǔn)

Step 2: Basic retesting and calibration of embedded parts

基礎(chǔ)施工是輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的第一道關(guān)口。地腳螺栓的埋設(shè)是關(guān)鍵控制要點。預(yù)埋件位置偏差直接影響后續(xù)鋼柱安裝精度。基礎(chǔ)復(fù)測需確保標(biāo)高、軸線位置符合設(shè)計要求。

Basic construction is the first hurdle for light steel structures. The burial of anchor bolts is a key control point. The positional deviation of embedded parts directly affects the installation accuracy of subsequent steel columns. Basic retesting must ensure that the elevation and axis position meet the design requirements.

環(huán)節(jié)三：鋼柱與鋼梁吊裝

Step 3: Hoisting of steel columns and beams

鋼柱與鋼梁的吊裝是主體結(jié)構(gòu)安裝的核心環(huán)節(jié)。施工順序和施工中的構(gòu)造措施必須得當(dāng)。施工人員要嚴(yán)格遵守施工規(guī)范，采用合理的施工順序，安裝必要的構(gòu)造措施，保證實際結(jié)構(gòu)與計算模型的一致性。

The hoisting of steel columns and beams is the core link in the installation of the main structure. The construction sequence and construction measures must be appropriate. Construction personnel must strictly comply with construction standards, adopt a reasonable construction sequence, install necessary structural measures, and ensure consistency between the actual structure and the calculation model.

環(huán)節(jié)四：檁條及支撐系統(tǒng)安裝

Step 4: Installation of purlins and support systems

檁條及支撐系統(tǒng)安裝直接影響屋面和墻面的穩(wěn)定性。簡支、小跨度的檁條宜選用Q235A等級的鋼材。連續(xù)或大跨度的檁條宜選用Q345A等級的鋼材。當(dāng)由強度控制設(shè)計時宜用Q345A級鋼材，充分利用其屈服強度高的優(yōu)勢。當(dāng)由剛度控制設(shè)計時宜用Q235A級鋼材。

The installation of purlins and support systems directly affects the stability of roofs and walls. Simple supported and small span purlins should be made of Q235A grade steel. Continuous or large-span purlins should be made of Q345A grade steel. When designing with strength control, it is advisable to use Q345A grade steel to fully utilize its high yield strength advantage. Q235A grade steel should be used when designing with stiffness control.

環(huán)節(jié)五：屋面與墻面系統(tǒng)施工

Step 5: Construction of Roof and Wall Systems

屋面與墻面系統(tǒng)施工是輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程的收尾環(huán)節(jié)。鋼骨架輕型屋面板通過鋼框與鋼結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)架支托焊接連接為一體。屋面板在工廠內(nèi)提前加工，實現(xiàn)工廠化施工。

The construction of roof and wall systems is the final stage of light steel structure engineering. The steel skeleton lightweight roof panel is welded together with the steel frame and steel structure truss support as a whole. The roof panels are processed in advance in the factory to achieve factory construction.

年新增的強制性要求：

New mandatory requirements added in the year:

年起，住建部《鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程全過程監(jiān)管清單》強制執(zhí)行。地質(zhì)詳勘報告必須加蓋注冊巖土工程師章（軟土地基必須做靜力觸探+深層沉降模擬）。結(jié)構(gòu)計算書必須上傳至“全國鋼結(jié)構(gòu)審圖云平臺”完成AI輔助復(fù)核。防火涂料施工前，必須對鋼構(gòu)件表面粗糙度做Ra3.2μm激光檢測并留影像存檔。

Starting from [year], the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development has enforced the "Supervision Checklist for the Whole Process of Steel Structure Engineering". The geological survey report must be stamped with the seal of a registered geotechnical engineer (static cone penetration test+deep settlement simulation must be conducted for soft soil foundation). The structural calculation sheet must be uploaded to the "National Steel Structure Drawing Review Cloud Platform" for AI assisted review. Before the application of fireproof coating, the surface roughness of steel components must be tested by Ra3.2 μ m laser and photographed for archiving.

設(shè)計院出的藍圖≠施工圖。真正能拿去下料的，是經(jīng)深化單位BIM拆圖、焊縫標(biāo)注、螺栓孔位三維定位后的加工詳圖，此圖必須由原設(shè)計蓋章確認。

The blueprint produced by the design institute ≠ the construction drawing. What can truly be taken for cutting is the detailed machining drawing after deepening the unit's BIM disassembly, welding seam annotation, and three-dimensional positioning of bolt holes. This drawing must be confirmed by the original design seal.

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