Common Quality Accidents and Causes of Light Steel Structures

　　鋼結構的抗拉和抗壓強度相對較高,組件部分很小,重量輕,結構性能好,施工速度快,環境污染小,因此,鋼結構工程適用于各種結構形式和地方。總結了輕鋼結構工程常見的質量事故及原因。

　　Steel structure has relatively high tensile and compressive strength, small component parts, light weight, good structural performance, fast construction speed and less environmental pollution. Therefore, steel structure engineering is suitable for various structural forms and places. Common quality accidents and their causes in light steel structure engineering are summarized.

　　濟南輕型鋼結構工程常見的質量事故

　　Common Quality Accidents in Light Steel Structural Engineering

　　01. 常見的工程質量事故

　　01. Common engineering quality accidents

　　(1)構件彎曲變形或部分斷裂;

　　(1) Bending deformation or partial fracture of members;

　　(2)構件密封板或錐頭焊縫連接損壞;

　　(2) Damage of sealing plate or taper head weld connection of components;

　　(3關節變形或者斷裂;

　　(3) joint deformation or fracture;

　　(4)縫不飽滿或者有超過規定標準的氣泡、夾渣、微裂紋;

　　(4) The seams are not full or there are bubbles, slag inclusions and microcracks that exceed the prescribed standards;

　　(5)高強度螺栓從球節處斷裂或拔出;

　　(5) The high strength bolt breaks or pulls out from the ball joint;

　　(6)構件在節點處相互碰撞，支撐網構件在上弦支承時與支撐結構碰撞;

　　(6) Components collide with each other at joints, and support network components collide with support structure when supporting the upper chord.

　　(7)軸承節點位移;

　　(7) Bearing node displacement;

　　(8)網架撓度過大，超過設計中規定的相應設計值的1.15倍。

　　(8) The deflection of the space truss is too large, which exceeds 1.15 times of the corresponding design value stipulated in the design.

　　濟南輕型鋼結構

　　2. 剛構體工程中常見的質量事故

　　2. Common quality accidents in rigid frame engineering

　　(1)主要部件的變形和變形;

　　(1) Deformation and deformation of main components;

　　(2)預埋件不符合圖紙和規范要求，高差、間距超過標準;

　　(2) Embedded parts do not meet the requirements of drawings and specifications, and the height difference and spacing exceed the standard.

　　(3)鋼框架整體垂直度與整體平面彎曲偏差超差，柱端板孔不對應，尺寸不對齊;

　　(3) The deviation between the overall verticality and the overall plane bending of the steel frame is excessive, and the holes in the end plates of the columns do not correspond to each other, and the dimensions are not uniform.

　　(4)主應力節點焊縫不飽滿或有氣泡、夾渣、微裂紋超過規定標準;

　　(4) The weld seam of the principal stress joint is not full or there are bubbles, slag inclusions and microcracks exceeding the prescribed standards.

　　(5)輔助穩定結構，如:支架、拉桿、角撐等。

　　(5) Auxiliary stabilization structure, such as bracket, tie rod, angle brace, etc.

　　(6)二次元件不符合質量要求。

　　(6) The secondary components do not meet the quality requirements.

　　濟南輕型鋼結構

　　更主要的原因

　　The main reason

　　1. 設計原因

　　1. Design Reasons

　　(1)結構形式選擇不合理，桿件截面匹配不合理，忽略了桿件初始彎曲、初始偏心和二次應力的影響，設計時低、缺載或荷載組合計算不當;

　　(1) The selection of structural forms is unreasonable, the cross-section matching of members is unreasonable, the influence of initial bending, initial eccentricity and secondary stress of members is neglected, and the calculation of low, lack of load or load combination is inappropriate in design.

　　(2)選材不合理;

　　(2) unreasonable selection of materials;

　　(3)計算方法選擇、假設條件、計算機程序未發現錯誤;

　　(3) No errors were found in the selection of calculation methods, assumptions and computer programs.

　　(4)結構設計計算后，不經復核，擅自更換材料，導致構件超設計強度;

　　(4) After structural design calculation, the material is replaced without review, which leads to the component exceeding the design strength.

　　(5)圖紙錯誤或不完整。尺寸標注混亂，設計說明不明確，遺漏材料、工藝要求、施工程序和有特殊要求的部件的;

　　(5) The drawings are incorrect or incomplete. Dimension labeling is confused, design instructions are not clear, materials, process requirements, construction procedures and components with special requirements are omitted.

　　(6)節點構造錯誤，細節考慮不充分。

　　(6) The construction of nodes is wrong and the details are not fully considered.

　　2. 工作的原因

　　2. Reasons for Work

　　(1)管理混亂，規格、鋼號、材料混用;

　　(1) Confused management, mixed use of specifications, steel grades and materials;

　　(2)零件切割尺寸錯誤，零件縱橫比不符合設計要求;

　　(2) The cutting dimension of the parts is wrong, and the aspect ratio of the parts does not meet the design requirements.

　　(3)切割槽未打孔對接時，網架桿焊縫未按設計要求內襯或焊接;

　　(3) When the cutting groove is not drilled and docked, the welding seam of the grid pole is not lined or welded according to the design requirements.

　　(4)連接高強螺栓不合格;

　　(4) Unqualified connecting high-strength bolts;

　　(5)零件加工缺陷，螺栓球孔角度偏差較大;

　　(5) Machining defect of parts, big deviation of bolt hole angle;

　　(6)焊縫質量差，焊接角度尺寸不符合設計要求。

　　(6) The quality of the weld is poor and the dimension of the welding angle does not meet the design requirements.

　　3. 網絡框架安裝原因

　　3. Reasons for Network Framework Installation

　　(1)地面拼裝時，支撐點不均勻，受力不合理，拼裝過程中誤差積累，部分桿件出現錯誤，導致受力變化，導致網架或部分桿件變形。

　　(1) When assembling on the ground, the support points are not uniform, the force is unreasonable, the errors accumulate in the assembling process, and some of the members have errors, resulting in changes in the force, leading to the deformation of the grid or some of the members.

　　(2)焊接工藝和焊接順序錯誤，導致焊接應力和變形。

　　(2) The welding process and welding sequence are wrong, resulting in welding stress and deformation.

　　(3)在整體吊裝過程中，吊裝點的選擇不合理，吊裝點沒有反力校核計算，桿件超應力校核計算，撓度校核計算，超應力點沒有必要的加固措施。

　　(3) In the whole hoisting process, the selection of hoisting point is unreasonable, the hoisting point has no reaction checking calculation, the bar overstress checking calculation, deflection checking calculation, and the overstress point has no necessary reinforcement measures.

　　(4)在整體吊裝過程中，各吊裝點的吊裝速度不同，位移和高差超過允許范圍，造成變形和損壞。

　　(4) In the whole hoisting process, the hoisting speed of each hoisting point is different, and the displacement and height difference exceed the allowable range, resulting in deformation and damage.

　　(5)施工方案選擇錯誤。根據網架的結構形式和現場施工條件，不合理選擇施工方案。安裝過程中不能形成幾何不變的系統，造成變形和破壞。

　　(5) Error in selection of construction scheme. According to the structure form of grid structure and site construction conditions, the construction scheme is unreasonably selected. Geometric invariant system can not be formed during installation, resulting in deformation and damage.

　　(6)預埋件、預埋螺栓或支撐網架的柱子偏差較大，使其難以就位。就位力的大小會引起構件受力狀態的變化和變形。

　　(6) Pre-embedded parts, pre-embedded bolts or pillars supporting space trusses have large deviations, which make it difficult to put them in place. The magnitude of the in-situ force will cause the change and deformation of the member's stress state.

　　(7)安裝人員粗心，桿位和球角錯誤。

　　(7) Installers are careless, pole position and ball angle are wrong.

　　(8)在上弦桿支承情況下，誤差積累過大，導致支承位移和腹板與支承面碰撞。

　　(8) When the upper chord is supported, the accumulation of errors is too large, resulting in support displacement and web collision with the supporting surface.

　　4. 安裝剛性框架的原因

　　4. Reasons for Installation of Rigid Frames

　　(1)長構件在運輸和堆放過程中墊層放置不均勻，導致變形變形。

　　(1) Uneven cushion placement of long members during transportation and stacking results in deformation and deformation.

　　(2)預埋螺栓位置不正確，安裝過程中沒有復測或修正，導致柱、梁變形變形，鋼框架整體垂直度、平面彎曲度超差。

　　(2) The position of embedded bolts is incorrect, and there is no re-measurement or correction during installation, which results in deformation of columns and beams, and the overall verticality and plane bending of steel frames are out of tolerance.

　　(3)柱端板孔位不對應或位置不正確。安裝時端板未對準，螺栓未按順序緊固。

　　(3) The hole position of column end plate is not corresponding or the position is incorrect. The end plate is not aligned and the bolts are not tightened in sequence.

　　(4)未按焊接程序操作或現場焊接中焊工技術問題導致焊縫不飽滿或有氣泡、夾渣、微裂紋。

　　(4) Failure to operate in accordance with welding procedures or technical problems of welders in field welding results in unsaturated welds or air bubbles, slag inclusion and microcracks.

　　(5)安裝過程中圖紙理解不到位，導致個別零件位置錯誤。

　　(5) In the installation process, the drawings are not understood properly, resulting in errors in the position of individual parts.

　　(6)安裝前沒有根據項目的實際情況制定詳細的施工計劃和技術說明，導致施工過程的顛倒。

　　(6) Before installation, detailed construction plans and technical instructions were not formulated according to the actual situation of the project, which led to the reversal of the construction process.

　　(7)施工不按順序進行，下一道工序施工鋼框架結構不穩定，造成整體不穩定。

　　(7) The construction is not carried out in sequence, and the steel frame structure is unstable in the next working procedure, resulting in overall instability.

　　(8)鋼柱剛與插入柱基礎連接時，混凝土無法達到強度或柱腳固定不牢固，上部構件安裝，導致結構失穩。

　　(8) When the steel column is rigidly connected with the inserting column foundation, the concrete can not reach the strength or the column foot is not fixed firmly, and the upper components are installed, resulting in structural instability.

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